The Modeling of Anisotropic Fuselage Lining Material

In this paper a theoretical model that can account for the effect of lining anisotropy on sound transmission through fuselage structures is developed. The model allows for anisotropic flow resistivity, tortuosity and elastic moduli. Implicit to the theory is a characteristic dispersion relation of sixth order that yields the allowed wave numbers for wave propagation in anisotropic elastic porous media. In addition, explicit expressions for field variables such as displacements and stresses appropriate for anisotropic foams are derived. Predictions of random incidence sound transmission loss for double panels with anisotropic linings have been performed. To verify the prediction, the theoretical results have been compared with random incidence transmission loss measurements

Neutrino Interferometry In Curved Spacetime

Gravitational lensing introduces the possibility of multiple (macroscopic) paths from an astrophysical neutrino source to a detector. Such a multiplicity of paths can allow for quantum mechanical interference to take place that is qualitatively different to neutrino oscillations in flat space. After an illustrative example clarifying some under-appreciated subtleties of the phase calculation, we derive the form of the quantum mechanical phase for a neutrino mass eigenstate propagating non-radially through a Schwarzschild metric. We subsequently determine the form of the interference pattern seen at a detector. We show that the neutrino signal from a supernova could exhibit the interference effects we discuss were it lensed by an object in a suitable mass range. We finally conclude, however, that -- given current neutrino detector technology -- the probability of such lensing occurring for a (neutrino-detectable) supernova is tiny in the immediate future.Comment: 25 pages, 1 .eps figure. Updated version -- with simplified notation -- accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D. Extra author adde

Representational predicaments for employees: Their impact on perceptions of supervisors\u27 individualized consideration and on employee job satisfaction

A representational predicament for a subordinate vis-à-vis his or her immediate superior involves perceptual incongruence with the superior about the subordinate\u27s work or work context, with unfavourable implications for the employee. An instrument to measure the incidence of two types of representational predicament, being neglected and negative slanting, was developed and then validated through an initial survey of 327 employees. A subsequent substantive survey with a fresh sample of 330 employees largely supported a conceptual model linking being neglected and negative slanting to perceptions of low individualized consideration by superiors and to low overall job satisfaction. The respondents in both surveys were all Hong Kong Chinese. Two case examples drawn from qualitative interviews illustrate and support the conceptual model. Based on the research findings, we recommend some practical exercises to use in training interventions with leaders and subordinates. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00689-4.Star clusters form in dense, hierarchically collapsing gas clouds. Bulk kinetic energy is transformed to turbulence with stars forming from cores fed by filaments. In the most compact regions, stellar feedback is least effective in removing the gas and stars may form very efficiently. These are also the regions where, in high-mass clusters, ejecta from some kind of high-mass stars are effectively captured during the formation phase of some of the low mass stars and effectively channeled into the latter to form multiple populations. Star formation epochs in star clusters are generally set by gas flows that determine the abundance of gas in the cluster. We argue that there is likely only one star formation epoch after which clusters remain essentially clear of gas by cluster winds. Collisional dynamics is important in this phase leading to core collapse, expansion and eventual dispersion of every cluster. We review recent developments in the field with a focus on theoretical work.Peer reviewe

Improved data representation in NAH applications by means of zero-padding

Near-field Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a method to identify sound sources. To obtain the radiated sound field in a plane close to the sound source, the sound field is experimentally determined at an array of measurement positions close to the source. This array has a finite number of measurement points because of measurement restrictions in time and spatial domain. With respect to the transformation from the spatial domain to the wavenumber domain, it is common to use windowing techniques in combination with zero-padding. A spatial window such as the Tukey window is used to reduce leakage. Zero-padding in the spatial domain increases the detail of the spectrum in the wavenumber domain through a kind of interpolation. It will be shown that the interpolation due to zero-padding corresponds very well to the actual physical data, enhancing the measurement data in NAH applications.The first part of this paper will focus upon the theory behind NAH signal processing. By means of a basic sine wave all operations concerning the NAH signal processing will be illustrated and explained. Extra care has been taken to explain the data representation improvements by means of zero-padding and the NAH specific imaging improvements by means of a newly introduced method called border-padding. Following the analysis, the application and improvements of windowing techniques as well as zero- and border-padding in both spatial and wavenumber domain for the NAH method will be shown. The results show a clear improvement in the level of detail of the planar acoustic data by optimal interpolation and by minimization of windowing errors

The preservation of structure in language comprehension: Is reanalysis the last resort

During language comprehension, people sometimes have to revise their grammat- ical analysis of a sentence. Experimental evidence demonstrates that such reanalysis often causes processing di culty. We might therefore predict that reanalysis would be disfavored, with the processor preferring not to reanalyze when it had a choice. Three experiments on complement-clause ambiguities investigate the conditions un- der which the processor chooses to reanalyze. We contrast two extreme positions, one where the processor avoids reanalysis whenever possible, the other where reanalysis is not disfavored at all. We also consider intermediate positions, in which the prefer- ence to maintain the current analysis is one factor that a ects ambiguity resolution. The experiments demonstrate that the processor avoids reanalysis even when other factors would support it

The influence of the immediate visual context on incremental thematic role-assignment: Evidence from eye-movements in depicted events

Studies monitoring eye-movements in scenes containing entities have provided robust evidence for incremental reference resolution processes. This paper addresses the less studied question of whether depicted event scenes can affect processes of incremental thematic role-assignment. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants inspected agent-action-patient events while listening to German verb-second sentences with initial structural and role ambiguity. The experiments investigated the time course with which listeners could resolve this ambiguity by relating the verb to the depicted events. Such verb-mediated visual event information allowed early disambiguation on-line, as evidenced by anticipatory eye-movements to the appropriate agent/patient role filler. We replicated this finding while investigating the effects of intonation. Experiment 3 demonstrated that when the verb was sentence-final and thus did not establish early reference to the depicted events, linguistic cues alone enabled disambiguation before people encountered the verb. Our results reveal the on-line influence of depicted events on incremental thematic role-assignment and disambiguation of local structural and role ambiguity. In consequence, our findings require a notion of reference that includes actions and events in addition to entities (e.g. Semantics and Cognition, 1983), and argue for a theory of on-line sentence comprehension that exploits a rich inventory of semantic categories